PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.